In this study the rheological and textural properties of Iranian white cheese produced by ultrafiltration technique containing gum tragacanth and xanthan gum each in the range of 0-0. 1%, and basil seed and Linseed Mucilages each in the range of 0-0. 2% were evaluated. According to the results obtained, values of Elastic (G / ) and viscous (G // ) moduli increased with increasing frequency sweep in all the cheese samples. G / was always greater than G //. The values of G / and G // in the samples containing 0. 05% of gum tragacanth, 0. 05% of xanthan gum and 0. 1% of basil seed Mucilage and containing 0. 05% of xanthan gum, 0. 1% basil seed and 0. 1% Linseed Mucilage were maximum and in samples containing 0. 1% of xanthan gum and 0. 2% of Linseed Mucilage and containing 0. 1% of gum tragacanth were minimum. By increasing basil seeds Mucilage in the samples, hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness increased in comparison with the control sample (p<0. 01). According to the results obtained, for preparation of white cheese produced by ultrafiltration technique, using 0. 05 % of gum tragacanth, 0. 05 % of xanthan gum and 0. 1 % of Linseed Mucilage, is recommended.

Background- Hyperlipidemia is an important cause of coronary artery diseases. Linseed contains large amounts of omega-3 fatty acids, and it has a major role in lowering serum lipid levels. This study evaluated the effect of Linseed powder in patients who did not respond to regular diet regimens.Methods-We conducted an interventional study (before and after) of 56 patients with hyperlipidemia that had not responded to a 3-month regular diet and had serum levels of total cholesterol >240 or TG>300 or LDL>160 or HDL<30 (mg/dl). We prepared the dose of 6 gr/day of Linseed powder in the form of a biscuit and gave it to the patients for 3 months plus their regular diet regimen. The serum levels of lipids were measured before and after the 3-month intervention program. The data were analyzed using SPSS software with paired Hest.Results- The mean (±SD) of serum level of total cholesterol before treatment was 258 (±55.59) mg/dl and afterwards was 232.05 (±41.47) mg/dl (P=0.0001). The mean serum triglyceride level before and after treatment was 289.92 (±126.57) mg/dl, and 225.07 (±82.58), respectively (P=0.0001). Also, the mean serum LDL decreased from 173.82 (±52.87) to 141.12 (±39.94) mg/dl (P=0.0001). However, no significant difference on HDL levels was found before and after intervention (43.89 (±25.66) vs. 43.53 (±13.84), P=0.85). Overall, the Linseed powder regimen for 3 months decreased the total cholesterol by 10.2%, serum triglyceride by 22.33% and LDL cholesterol level by 18.8%. HDL level increased by 1.45%.Conclusion- Linseed powder plus regular diet decreased the lipoprotein levels significantly. Thus, we recommend roughly 6 gr. daily consumption of Linseed as a compliment of regular diet regimen in lowering the level of serum lipids.

It is important to determine the optimum nitrogen and plant density to increase Linseed quantitative and qualitative yields, nutrients uptake and nitrogen use efficiency. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to achieve the best nitrogen and plant density combination in Linseed. The experiment was conducted in Yasouj University, Iran, as a split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2016. Treatments were nitrogen as main factor in five levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg N ha-1) and density as sub factor in three levels (50, 100 and 150 plant m-2). Maximum seed oil yield (982 Kg ha-1), seed yield (2525 Kg ha-1), grain protein (33. 5 %), seed Mucilage (7. 4%), seed phosphorus (0. 41% ) and potassium (2. 85%) were obtained from 100 kg N ha-1 at the density of 100 plants m-2. Maximum nitrogen use efficiency (79. 5 kg kg-1) was obtained in 25 kg N ha-1 and 150 plants m-2 treatment, however the minimum (20. 4 kg kg-1) obtained from minimum plant density and maximum nitrogen. Generally it is suggested the 100 plant m-2 density and 100 Kg ha-1 nitrogen to produce high Linseed yield quantity and also quality in Yasouj region.

The performance of nine different Linseed cultivars studied in a randomized complete block design (RCB) with four replications in Varamin region (Iran) in 2006. The traits were seed yield, fatty acids, protein and oil content of Linseed. The difference between cultivars was significant for all traits (P< 0.01). The Legina cultivar had the highest seed yield (3000 kg/ha) and linolenic acid content (45.16 percent). The palmitic acid content of RH 14.05 cultivar, oil percent and stearic acid of GOLDA cultivar, and protein content and yield of native cultivar were higher than other cultivars (p≤0.05). The RH 14.05 cultivar which was low in linolenic acid and high in oleic acid can be used as a breeding line to produce oil.

To study the genetic diversity of 74 Iranian recombinant inbred lines of Neda × Ahlami Tarom under salinity stress in seedling stage, an experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with three replications and two conditions of normal culture and salt stress at Gonbad Kavous University in 2015. The seedling was evaluated in 6 dSm-1 salinity for a week, and then salt stress was increased to 12 dSm-1. Chlorophyll content, root and shoot lengths, root and shoot dry weights, leaf area, length and width of the biggest leaf, root numbers, root diameter, root density, Na + and K + concentrations of root and stem, Na + + /K in shoot and root, Length, width and number of stomata and salt tolerance score were recorded. The significant differences between the lines for the studied traits showed the variation between them. The highest correlation was observed between root diameter and root surface density. The correlation coefficients were significant for seedling dry weight, leaf area and chlorophyll content and root length. In the stepwise regression, chlorophyll content and leaf area described the most significant changes. Cluster analysis based on total seedling traits divided lines into four groups andlines 11, 102, 39 and 85 were resistant to salinity stress. The results obtained from this study can identify the lines tolerated for crossing and prepare populations suitable for breeding programs.

Background: Linseed (seed of flax) contains high amounts of 00-3 Fatty acids, whichis said to have antihyperlipidemic effects.Materials and Methods: In this study, blood lipid levels (Triglycerids, Cholesterol, LDL, HDL) of 56 hyperlipidemic patients were measured before and after Linseed administration (6 gr Linseed powder daily as a biscuit formulation for 3 months as a supplementation to their simple diet). The results were analyzed by t-test using SPSS software.Results: There were some decreases in the mean level of serum total cholesterol (about 10% decrease, P=0.001), mean serum triglyceride (about 12% decrease, P=0.001), and mean serum LDL (about 10% decrease, P=0.001) before and after Linseed administration. The total- Cholesterol/HDL and LDL/HDL ratios decreased concordantly as well. However, there was no significant alteration in serum HDL level after Linseed administration.Conclusion: Linseed administration combined with a simple diet, clinically decreases blood lipid levels. Hence, supplementation of simple diet with 6 gr Linseed powder daily, seems to be helpful in reducing patients blood lipid levels.

The basic factor in agricultural planning to achieve more products, is determining the exact amount of water that use by evapotranspiration. Estimation of evapotranspiration (crop water requirement) is also one the most significant stages for designing different irrigation systems, programming and correction of the water resources management. Determining crop coefficient is a necessary part of estimating evapotranspiration. Crop coefficients (Kc) are properties of plants which vary in different growth stages. Potential evapotranspiration occurs if a field of the crop had an ideal unlimited water supply. The effect of both crop transpiration and soil evaporation are integrated into a single crop coefficient. The Kc coefficient incorporates crop characteristics and averaged effects of evaporation from the soil; while in dual crop coefficient two sub-coefficients (basic crop and evaporation coefficient) are considered separately. Therefore, the dual crop coefficient approach is more complicated and computationally intensive than the single approach. Due to the importance of accurate determining of crop water requirement many researches have been done for measuring single and dual crop coefficient. The aim of this research is to determine the actual evapotranspiration and single and dual crop coefficients of Linseed by lysimeter, during various stages of growth in the Shahrekord area. This research was conducted in Shahrekord University. Shahrekord is located 97 kilometers southwest of Isfahan with the geographical coordinates from 32° 18'22'' to 32° 21'50'' N and 50° 49'22'' to 50° 53'44'' E. It is topographically situated in the north of the Zagros Mountains. The annual average temperature and precipitation in Shahrekord is 11. 5° C and 320 mm, respectively. This study was done in the crop year of 2014-2015. Four lysimeters were used with the length, width and depth of 190, 65 and 140 cm. respectively. After filling lysimeters with soil and before planting, samples were taken for determining the soil characteristics, in depth of 0-30 cm. One of the lysimeters was allocated to grass, for measuring the reference evapotranspiration, and three other lysimeters to the Linseed. After each irrigating the drainage water was collected and then its quality and quantity was measured. The crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and crop reference evapotranspiration (ETo) were calculated by using of water balance equation. Single crop coefficient was calculated from ratio of the measured crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and measured reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and dual crop coefficient was determined using the FAO 56 method. The results showed that the initial, development, middle, late and total growing periods of Linseed are 20, 14, 22, 24 and 80 days. The total values of growing degree days (GDD) for these stages are 226. 5, 226. 7, 379. 1, 420. 7and 1253, respectively. The average value of the single crop coefficient in the initial stage is equal to 0. 74, in the middle stage is 1. 23 and at the end of the final stage is 0. 61. The single crop coefficient was also calculated using the FAO 56 method. The results indicated that the difference of single crop coefficients in these two methods was very little in the initial and middle stages, but it increased in the final stage. The basal crop coefficient, soil evaporation coefficient and dual crop coefficients were calculated using the FAO56 method. The basal crop coefficient for Linseed at different growth stages of initial growth stage, middle and end final are 0. 15, 1. 15 and 0. 2, respectively. During the initial stage, because of low green cover, the soil evaporations is the highest and it became decrease by increasing the green cover in the next growth stages. The actual evapotranspiration value of Linseed that obtained from three lysimeters was equal to 444 mm during the growing season. The evapotranspiration value of Linseed that calculated by dual crop coefficient (using FAO56 method) was 445. 5 mm, while this value was equal to about 391 mm for the single crop coefficient (using FAO56 method). The comparison of these values clearly indicated that the dual crop coefficient can estimate the evapotranspiration more accurate than the single crop coefficient. The results showed that evapotranspiration of Linseed and grass are 444 and 429 mm, respectively and it daily variations for Linseed are 1 to 10 mm and for the grass are 4. 3 to 8. 5 mm. The main conclusion that can be extracting from this research is that the calculating of dual crop coefficient is necessary for estimating the accurate crop water requirements.